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The provision of information to increase public awareness can influence popular opinion. In Norway, public opposition over implementation of cordon schemes dissipated after public campaigns were introduced. Conversely, the extent to which opposition was reduced in Bergen and Trondheim as compared with Oslo can partly be explained by the lack of a promotional campaign. In Trondheim, polling showed that 72% of people were opposed to the cordon toll ring a year before its introduction declining to 48% a year after the launch in 1991, reducing further to 36% by 1996. In Bergen, 54% of the population were opposed compared with 36.5% a year later. Polling in Oslo, however, showed a smaller reduction from 70 % in 1989 to 64% in 1991 (CfIT, 2006).