Policy: Up-front Investment

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Pre-empting potential capacity problems caused by modal shift away from cars increases the effectiveness of the charge. This also sends an important message to the public that the objective is to not limit mobility but encourage a modal shift. Making this viable by providing real alternatives is crucial in the success of a congestion charge. All case studies revealed that congestion charging was accompanied by upfront investment into improved public transit (CfIT, 2006).

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